Adult fly phenology and diapause schedules are closely linked to the phenology. Pupae diapause intensity differs among greek and german. European cherry fruit fly rhagoletis cerasi usda aphis. Figure 43 rhagoletis cerasi male and female mating 42. Consequently, new management techniques and tools are needed. The head is brown, while scutellum and the legs are yellow.
Assessing the risk of establishment of rhagoletis cerasi. On the other hand, photoperiod significantly affected both diapause termination and postwinter development of r. Pdf the european cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis cerasi l. Pdf integrated management of european cherry fruit fly. Integrated management of european cherry fruit fly. Assessing the risk of establishment of rhagoletis cerasi diptera. It consists of a cage with insects hanging under an electronic balance, which registers the flight as reduction of weight. Initial research of the biology and infestation intensity of r. Data revealed that relative humidity is not a significant predictor of diapause termination, but it affects the postwinter developmental period. Tephritidae, with emphasis on the united states wakie, t. Most species are oligophagous, attacking only a few closely related host plants. The effect of temperature on the postdiapause development on four geographical populations of the european cherry fruit fly rhagoletis cerasi. Development and field testing of a spatial decision support.
The species was discovered for the first time in the main sweet cherry production area in norway in 1991, although it has been reported from southern norway since the 1930s. Rhagoletis cerasi flies sampled in europe and iran genetically grouped into five main geographic clusters, which exhibited an increase in genetic isolation with geographic distance. The predicted dates of fly emergence, flight duration and dates of 5%, 50% and 95% cumulative fly catches at various altitudes were. Idaids supporting identification of the european cherry fruit fly may 30, 2018 potentially one of the most serious threats to u. Biological control of the cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis. The soybean pod borer leguminivora glycinivorella matsumura belongs to lepidoptera. The european cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis cerasi l. The european cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis cerasi loew diptera. The european cherry fruit fly ecff is a pest of cherries prunus spp.
Pdf diapause termination of rhagoletis cerasi pupae is. Without insecticide treatment, up to 100% of fruits can be infested. Reducedrisk management of rhagoletis cerasi flies host race. Greece and development of management strategies nikos papadopoulos christos gerofotis. This fly is subject to regulatory control and poses a risk to cherry and honeysuckle in north america. Without insecticide treatment, up to 100% of fruits can be infested 1. An apparatus was described which serves for registering the flight frequencies of insects. Pupal developments were described in several temperate tephritid flies, specifically r. Obligate annual and successive facultative diapause. Assessing the risk of global establishment of rhagoletis cerasi diptera. Organic eprints experiences of integrated management of. Experiences of integrated management of european cherry fruit. Pests rhagoletis cerasi linnaeus european cherry fruit fly. Papadopoulos1,2 1laboratory of entomology and agricultural zoology, department of agriculture crop production and rural environment, university of thessaly, greece 2corresponding author, email.
A product based on beauveria bassiana is registered in italy for control of the european cherry fruit fly, r. Highest emergence rates are achieved by chilling periods of 5 to 6 months and recommended storage temperatures are close to the developmental. Class insecta, order diptera, family tephritidae, genus rhagoletis. Improvement of management of rhagoletis cerasi in bosnia and.
To study the effects of photoperiod and relative humidity on diapause termination and postwinter developmental duration of r. Enzymatic and protein patterns at different developmental. Research paper transcriptome characterization analysis of. Higher relative humidity promotes postwinter pupae development. The progress of morphological changes of diapausing pupae and postdiapause pharate adult development has only been illustrated for. Rhagoletis cerasi, calliphora vicina, lymantria dispar and melitaea cinxia 19,31,32,33. Latest pest reports international plant protection. Tephritidae, is a univoltine species that undergoes obligatory summerwinter diapause at pupal stage in the soil 25 cm beneath host trees. Distribution, races and management of the european cherry. Oligophagous pest of rosaceous stonefruit cultures.
Its natural geographical range includes central and western asia and most of continental europe. Improvement of management of rhagoletis cerasi in bosnia. Experimental determination of the disposition of rhagoletis cerasi l. It is followed by a quiescence period of variable duration, in. This page was last edited on 6 december 2014, at 19. This insect is a major pest of cherry crops in europe. Storage conditions of stockpiled diapausing pupae of. Entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents have been tested against rhagoletis species in europe and the usa yee and lacey, 2005. Obligate annual and successive facultative diapause establish a bet. It most likely shifted host preference from native hawthorn crataegus. Integrated management of european cherry fruit fly rhagoletis. Although most temperate climate rhagoletis have only one generation per year, diapause is gener ally facultative prokopy, 1968.
The phaseout of old insecticides threatens cherry production throughout the european union eu. These include the sour tart or bitter cherry, prunus cerasus l. Insectsymbiont interactions wolbachia in parasitoids attacking native european and introduced eastern cherry fruit flies in europe hannes schuler,1,2,3,4 peter kern,1,5 wolfgang arthofer,6 heidrun vogt,7 maximilian fischer,8 christian stauffer,1, and markus riegler5, 1institute of forest entomology, forest pathology and forest protection, department of forest and soil sciences, boku. Tephritidae, is a highly destructive pest of cherries prunus spp. This species overwinters as diapausing pupae in soil proximal to the host cherry. Diapause termination of rhagoletis cerasi pupae is regulated by. Pdf improvement of management of rhagoletis cerasi in bosnia. Highest emergence rates are achieved by chilling periods of 5 to 6 months and recommended storage temperatures are close to the. Protein patterns and two isoenzyme systems leucine aminopeptidase, lap, and alanine aminopeptidase, aap were examined in the cherry fruit fly rhagoletis cerasi l. Phenotypic plasticity of hsp70s gene expression during. Rhagoletis cerasi may also move on to lonicera berries after cherries have been exhausted for oviposition or harvested boller et al. Methods for controlling this pest are limited in organic agriculture as well as in integrated.
Aliniazee department of entomology, oregon state university, corvallis, or 97331. Beside the use of traps and crop netting, no other means are currently registered for control of this pest in organic cherry growing. Without insecticide treatment up to 100% of fruits can be infested. The low tolerance for damaged fruit requires preventive insecticide treatments for a marketable crop. Although several aspects of the diapause problem in rhagoletis cerasi. It was detected for the first time in north america on 27 june 2016 in an urban park located in mississauga, ontario, canada, in association with invasive honeysuckle lonicera spp. The european cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis cerasi diptera.
Rhagoletis cerasi is the key pest of sweet cherries in europe. Specimens from ontario were collected in 2016, and new york in 2017. Experiences of integrated management of european cherry. Tephritidae is reported from mississauga, ontario, canada, and niagara county, new york, united states for the first time, new records. Diapause termination of rhagoletis cerasi pupae is regulated by local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. This fly is a severe pest and in many cases has rendered the sale of fresh sweet cherries for consumption nearly impossible. Rhagoletis cerasi can reach a body length of about 3. The authors, members of the iobc working group on genetic control of the european cherry fruit flyrhagoletis cerasi l. Rhagoletis cerasi european cherry fruit fly fact sheet. These small fruit flies have a shiny body, dark brown, almost black. Wolbachia in parasitoids attacking native european and. Entomopathogenic fungi as a new strategy to control the. First record of the european cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis. Bioecology of the european cherry fruit fly in greece and.
We used a stenophagous fruit fly rhagoletis cerasi with obligate pupae. Rhagoletis cerasi, biocontrol, beauveria bassiana, insecticide, crop netting introduction the european cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis cerasi l. Biology and management of the european cherry fruit fly. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
Oct 16, 2012 the european cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis cerasi l. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Effect of altitude on seasonal flight activity of rhagoletis. However, the variation between conspecifics of different geographical populations has not been widely assessed 34. Development and field testing of a spatial decision. Tephritidae, is a highly destructive pest of sweet cherries in europe. Tephritidae, is a permanent constraining factor for the production of sweet and sour cherries of high quality.
In most overwintering diapause species, diapause terminates in midwinter rather than in spring 26. Aliniazee department of entomology, oregon state university, corvallis, or 97331 commercially cultivated cherries comprise two species of the genus prunus. Gooch as a part of michigan state university ipm program and. Itp idaids supporting identification of the european cherry. Michigan state universitys invasive species factsheets. Tephritidae is the most important pest of sweet cherries in europe. The genus rhagoletis contains around 60 species, with some of them infesting tree fruits, including rhagoletis cerasi loew, rhagoletis cingulata loew, rhagoletis pomonella walsh, and rhagoletis com pleta cresson. The initial detections in canada caused concern for the major cherrygrowing states. The wings are transpartent, with four transverse dark stripes. Differences were observed in protein patterns for puparia in diapause, post diapause and at adult emergence. Idaids supporting identification of the european cherry. Rhagoletis cerasi european cherry fruit fly fact sheet this page is part of the guidance document repository gdr. Tephritidae adults was monitored using yellow sticky traps at sweet cherry orchards under different management regimes in bursa, northwestern turkey, during 19971998. Rhagoletis cerasi pupae respond successfully to temperatures of up to 10 c for diapause termination.
Rhagoletis cerasi is a regulated pest to canada, and is previously unknown from north america. United states department of new pest response agriculture. Effects of photoperiod and relative humidity on diapause. In the reducedrisk backyard orchards, soil ploughing in the fall or spring to destroy the pupae was combined with a single application of an insecticide, while. Flies that emerge from lonicera berries show a strong preference for ovipositioning in lonicera boller et al. The wings are with dark stripes, the cuneiform dot in the middle of the front edge so characteristic to the wing of r. The soybean pod borer leguminivora glycinivorella matsumura. Several factors most likely contributed to the formation of this pattern. General information about rhagoletis cerasi rhagce name language.
The predicted dates of fly emergence, flight duration and dates of 5%, 50% and 95% cumulative fly catches at various altitudes were estimated from a degreeday model. Tephritidae, is the key pest of sweet and sour cherries in many european countries and west asia. Pdf european cherry fruit fly rhagoletis cerasi is the key pest of sweet and sour. Rhagoletis cerasi rhagceoverview eppo global database. The genus rhagoletis contains around 60 species, with some of them infesting tree fruits, including rhagoletis cerasi loew, rhagoletis cingulata loew, rhagoletis pomonella walsh, and rhagoletis completa cresson. Obligate annual and successive facultative diapause establish. Oct 01, 2006 seasonal flight activity of rhagoletis cerasi l. It is a univoltine species of the west palaearctic zone that undergoes obligatory pupal diapause. The effect of altitudinal variation on the seasonal flight activity of rhagoletis cerasi linnaeus flies was evaluated along an altitudinal gradient from 150 to 1170 m in mount uludag, northwestern turkey. Search for related documents in the guidance document repository background. A taxonomic genus within the family tephritidae certain fruit flies.
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